Tribal Music, a Copper Phonograph, and a Space Ship The Past and Future of the Nonesuch Explorer Series There is a copper phonograph record floating in outer space. The record contains musical excerpts of Javanese court ,gamelan, Japanese shakuhachi and Bulgarian songs from the Nonesuch Explorer Series. The record, vvhich was shipped into outer space by NASA in 1977 in an aluminum container aboard a Voyager spacecraft is expected to last over a billion years. The real breakthrough for the Explorer Series was not its inclusion in this seemingly-infinite gesture for posterity, but the new standard it set for presenting the globe’s music to American audiences in terms of recording quality, written documentation. repertoire, and even cover artwork. This all at a time when much of this music had not been heard outside of its immediate surroundings. ____________________________________________ The record, which was shipped into outer space by NASA in 1977 in an aluminum container aboard a Voyager spacecraft is expected to last over a billion years. ____________________________________________ In 1972, David Lewiston – the producer of over a dozen of the Explorer releases from Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America—told The New York Times, “It’s only recently that it's been feasible to make really decent recordings in the field. In the thirties they would have to take record cutting machines out into the fields and very often the equipment would fail. I take two pairs of microphones. 20 hours of recording tape, camera and film. This with a change of clothes amounts to 70 pounds, much better than the previous 200 pounds people had to carry." Newly available equipment was not the onlv factor that spawned the Explorer Series. The first of the recordings of the Nonesuch Explorer Series was released on vinyl in 1967. It was a time when Elektra Records had become successful with releases by folksingers Theodore Bikel, Judy Collins, Phil Ochs, and Tom Paxton. Elektra founder Jac Holzman started Nonesuch in 1964 to delve into the realm of classical music, licensing works produced in Europe. Teresa Sterne, a classical concert pianist who appeared as a child soloist with the NBC Symphony Orchestra and the New York Philharmonic, began as coordinator for the new label. She applied the same high standards she set for classical recordings to the emerging international offshoot. Peter K. Siegel – a young; record producer, engineer. and banjo player who had done field work in Indiana and Kentucky; and had produced several old-time and Irish recordings – was engaged in several production tasks for Nonesuch's International Series. recording licensed from Europe which set the groundwork for the Explorer Series. Siegel had just retumed from the Bahamas where he and fellow musician/producer Jody Stecher recorded Brucie Green. Joseph Spence, and Frederick McQueen. ____________________________________________ "This was occuring at a time when many indigenous cultures were disappearing or adapting their music rapidly to outside influences heard on radio and records." ____________________________________________ It was a moment in time when the scholarship of classical recordings had reached a new high point and American musicians were interested in exploring roots music. Sterne and Siegel were aided in the quest for outstanding material by a number of leading ethnomusicologists and field specialists including Paul Berliner, Joe Boyd, Robert E. Brown, Giuseppe Coter, David Fanshawe, Robert Garfias, Peter ten Hoopen, Stephen Jay, Martin Koenig, Ethel Raim, John Storm Roberts, and Laxmi Tewari. Siegel made a conscious effort to combine high quaiity recordings of traditional music with accessible, comprehensive liner notes. Sterne monitored and ensured the quality of the record pressing, packaging, and artwork, When David Lewiston returned from Bali with Music from the Morning of the World, Sterne felt they were entering uncharted waters and decided to give the series a new name and identity. For the first time, Nonesuch and a handfiul of record labels were according non-western classical music the attention and respect already granted to musics of the Western tradition. This was occuring at a time when many indigenous cultures were disappearing or adapting their music rapidly to outside influences heard on radio and records. Documentation of the music and its cultural context was essential, and photos of the performers and locale were encouraged. Recordings were to be the optimum obtainable. As President Jimmy Carter put it, on the copper record launched into space by NASA, “This is a present from a smail distant worid. This record represents our hope, our deterrnination, and our good will in a vast and awesome universe." In August of 2002, Nonesuch began issuing the entire 92-title series on compact disc by global region, beginning with thirteen volumes of African music. It will be followed in January 2002 with ten titles of music from Indonesia and the South Pacific. Subsequent releases over the next three years will group music firom Tibet/Kashmir, Latin America/Caribbean, East Asia, Central Asia, Europe and India. This is not an "ethnic" recording - rather, a unique opportunity to hear the popular, dance hall, and concert music of Africa today. Imagine yourself in one of the many nightclubs or dance halls of Accra.... The orchestra is a highly spirited combo of eleven young musicians utilizing both native African instruments and the jazz instruments of America and Westem Europe: drums and gourds share the stage with saxophones, vibes, and a bass fiddle. You hear African "calypsos" and "blues," intermixed with urban arrangements of traditional African work songs and secular music.... This record captures the sound of a music in the making.... American jazz and popular music have now retumed to Africa and are influencing the music that gave birth to them. - From the original liner notes of GHANA High-Life and Other Popular Music (1969) - Shown above are some of the CD in the Explorer Series AFRICA, and below are the 13 CD titles available in the series. GHANA: High-Life and Other Popular Music NUBIA: Escalay (The Water Wheel) ZIMBABWE: The African Mbira: Music of the Shona People ZIMBABWE: The Soul of Mbira: Traditions of the Shona People ANIMALS OF AFRICA: Sounds of the Jungle, Plain & Bush BURUNDI: Music from the Heart of Africa EAST AFRICA: Ceremonial & Folk Music EAST AFRICA: Witchcraft and Ritual Music WEST AFRICA: Drum, Chant & Instrumental Music ZIMBABWE: Shona Mbira Music GHANA: Ancient Ceremonies: Dance Music & Songs BURKINA FASO: Savannah Rhythms BURKINA FASO: Rhythms of the Grasslands This website: Copyright © 2002 Dream World Media, LLC. / Urban Mozaik Magazine. All rights reserved. The opinions expressed in Urban Mozaik Magazine are not necessarily those of Urban Mozaik Magazine and the publisher cannot be held responsible for them. This website/publication, in whole or in part, may not be reproduced without written permission from the publisher.